1. Shri Jawaharlal Nehru :August 15, 1947 - May 27, 1964
2. Shri Gulzari Lal Nanda :May 27, 1964 - June 9, 1964
3. Shri Lal Bahadur Shastri :June 9, 1964 - January 11, 1966
4. Shri Gulzari Lal Nanda :January 11, 1966 - January 24, 1966
5. Mrs. Indira Gandhi :January 24, 1966 - March 24, 1977
6. Shri Morarji Desai :March 24, 1977 - July 28, 1979
7. Shri Charan Singh :July 28, 1979 - January 14, 1980
8. Mrs. Indira Gandhi :January 14, 1980 - October 31, 1984
9. Shri Rajiv Gandhi :October 31, 1984 - December 2, 1989
10. Shri Vishwanath Pratap Singh :December 2, 1989 - November 10, 1990
11. Shri Chandra Shekhar :November 10, 1990 - June 21, 1991
12. Shri P. V. Narasimha Rao :June 21, 1991- May 16, 1996
13. Shri Atal Bihari Vajpayee :May 16, 1996 - June 1, 1996
14. Shri H. D. Deve Gowda :June 1, 1996 - April 21, 1997
15. Shri Inder Kumar :Gujral April 21, 1997 - March 19, 1998
16. Shri Atal Bihari Vajpayee :March 19, 1998 - May 22, 2004
17. Dr. Manmohan Singh :May 22, 2004 - till date
Showing posts with label About India. Show all posts
Showing posts with label About India. Show all posts
Wednesday, July 08, 2009
The Presidents of India
1. Dr. Rajendra Prasad (1884-1963)
Term of Office: 26 January 1950 TO 13 May 1962
2. Dr. Sarvapalli Radhakrishnan (1888-1975)
Term of Office: 13 May 1962 TO 13 May 1967
3. Dr. Zakir Husain (1897-1969)
Term of Office: 13 May 1967 TO 3 May 1969
4. Shri Varahagiri Venkata Giri (1894-1980)
Term of Office: 3 May 1969 TO 20 July 1969 and 24 August 1969 TO 24 August 1974
5. Dr. Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed (1905-1977)
Term of Office: 24 August 1974 TO 11 February 1977
6. SHRI NEELAM SANJIVA REDDY (1913-1996)
Term of Office: 25 July 1977 TO 25 July 1982
7. Giani Zail Singh (1916-1994)
Term of Office: 25 July 1982 TO 25 July 1987
8. Shri R Venkataraman (1910-2009)
Term of Office: 25 July 1987 TO 25 July 1992
9. Dr Shankar Dayal Sharma (1918-1999)
Term of Office: 25 July 1992 TO 25 July 1997
10. Shri K. R. Narayanan (1920-2005)
Term of Office: 25 July 1997 TO 25 July 2002
11. DR. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam (b - 1931)
Term of Office: 25 July 2002 TO 25 July 2007
12. Smt. Pratibha Devisingh Patil
Term of Office: July 25, 2007 To Present
Term of Office: 26 January 1950 TO 13 May 1962
2. Dr. Sarvapalli Radhakrishnan (1888-1975)
Term of Office: 13 May 1962 TO 13 May 1967
3. Dr. Zakir Husain (1897-1969)
Term of Office: 13 May 1967 TO 3 May 1969
4. Shri Varahagiri Venkata Giri (1894-1980)
Term of Office: 3 May 1969 TO 20 July 1969 and 24 August 1969 TO 24 August 1974
5. Dr. Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed (1905-1977)
Term of Office: 24 August 1974 TO 11 February 1977
6. SHRI NEELAM SANJIVA REDDY (1913-1996)
Term of Office: 25 July 1977 TO 25 July 1982
7. Giani Zail Singh (1916-1994)
Term of Office: 25 July 1982 TO 25 July 1987
8. Shri R Venkataraman (1910-2009)
Term of Office: 25 July 1987 TO 25 July 1992
9. Dr Shankar Dayal Sharma (1918-1999)
Term of Office: 25 July 1992 TO 25 July 1997
10. Shri K. R. Narayanan (1920-2005)
Term of Office: 25 July 1997 TO 25 July 2002
11. DR. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam (b - 1931)
Term of Office: 25 July 2002 TO 25 July 2007
12. Smt. Pratibha Devisingh Patil
Term of Office: July 25, 2007 To Present
Libraries
Under the Delivery of Books and News Papers (Public Libraries) Act, 1954, four libraries are entitled to receive a copy of new books and magazines published in the country. These are the National Library, Kolkata; State Central Library, Mumbai; Connemara Public Library, Chennai and Delhi Public Library, Delhi.
List of Tiger Reseves in India
Assam... Kaziranga, Manas, Nameri
Arunachal Pradesh...Namdapha, Pakui
Andhra Pradesh...Nagarjuna Sagar-Srisailam
Bihar...Valmiki
Chhattisgarh...Indravati
Jharkhand...Palamau
Karnataka...Bandipur Nagarhole(ext.), Bhadra
Kerala...Periyar
Madhya Pradesh...Bandhavgarh, Bori-Satpura, Kanha, Panna, Pench
Maharashtra...Melghat, Pench, Tadoba-Andheri
Mizoram...Dampa
Orissa...Simlipal
Rajasthan...Ranthambhore, Sariska
Tamil Nadu...Kalakad-Mundanthurai
Uttar Pradesh...Dudhwa Katerniaghat(ext.)
Uttarakhand...Corbett
West Bengal...Buxa, Sunderbans
Arunachal Pradesh...Namdapha, Pakui
Andhra Pradesh...Nagarjuna Sagar-Srisailam
Bihar...Valmiki
Chhattisgarh...Indravati
Jharkhand...Palamau
Karnataka...Bandipur Nagarhole(ext.), Bhadra
Kerala...Periyar
Madhya Pradesh...Bandhavgarh, Bori-Satpura, Kanha, Panna, Pench
Maharashtra...Melghat, Pench, Tadoba-Andheri
Mizoram...Dampa
Orissa...Simlipal
Rajasthan...Ranthambhore, Sariska
Tamil Nadu...Kalakad-Mundanthurai
Uttar Pradesh...Dudhwa Katerniaghat(ext.)
Uttarakhand...Corbett
West Bengal...Buxa, Sunderbans
Difference between Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles of State Policy
FRs : DPSPs
1. Negative obligation of the State. || 1. Positive obligation of the state.
2. Justiciable in court of Law. || 2. Non-Justiciable in Court of Law.
3. Foundation of political democracy. || Foundation of social and economic democracy.
1. Negative obligation of the State. || 1. Positive obligation of the state.
2. Justiciable in court of Law. || 2. Non-Justiciable in Court of Law.
3. Foundation of political democracy. || Foundation of social and economic democracy.
Do You Know About Indian Flag ?
Navin Jindal, the Vice Chairman of Jindal Group filed a PIL in the Delhi High Court Challenging the restrain on his right to fly the Flag.
Delhi High Court gave ruling that the flying of Tricolour is a Fundamental Right and the Supree Court subsequently recommended these to the Union Cabinet to relax the unduly stringent rules about flying the Tricolour.
Now, one can fly/hoist the flag under the guidlines of new flag code.
Delhi High Court gave ruling that the flying of Tricolour is a Fundamental Right and the Supree Court subsequently recommended these to the Union Cabinet to relax the unduly stringent rules about flying the Tricolour.
Now, one can fly/hoist the flag under the guidlines of new flag code.
The New Flag Code
One can hoist the flag only from sunrise to sunset.
The ratio of with to length of the flag should be 2:3.
Don't use the flag as a shroud for funerals.
Don't drop the Flag on vehicles.
Don't hoist it upside down. It must not touch the ground.
Must fly higher than all other flags except that of the UN or other nations.
Don't fly a damaged flag.
The amended code came into effect from January 26, 2003.
The ratio of with to length of the flag should be 2:3.
Don't use the flag as a shroud for funerals.
Don't drop the Flag on vehicles.
Don't hoist it upside down. It must not touch the ground.
Must fly higher than all other flags except that of the UN or other nations.
Don't fly a damaged flag.
The amended code came into effect from January 26, 2003.
Know About "Bharat Ratna Award"
India has produced a legacy of brave hearts since times immemorial. Probably there is not enough space to measure their sacrifices. However, we cannot close our eyes to those people who have made our country proud by excelling in their own fields and bringing us international recognition. Bharat Ratna is the highest civilian honour, given for exceptional service towards advancement of Art, Literature and Science, and in recognition of Public Service of the highest order.
The original specifications for the award called for a circular gold medal, 35 mm in diameter, with the sun and the Hindi legend "Bharat Ratna" above and a floral wreath below. The reverse was to carry the state emblem and motto. It was to be worn around the neck from a white ribbon. This design was altered after a year.
The provision of Bharat Ratna was introduced in 1954. The first ever Indian to receive this award was the famous scientist, Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman. Since then, many dignitaries, each a whiz in varied aspects of their career has received this coveted award.
In fact, our former President, Shri A. P. J Abdul Kalam is also a recipient of this esteemed honour (1997). There is no written provision that Bharat Ratna should be awarded to Indian citizens only. The award has been awarded to a naturalized Indian citizen, Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu, better known as Mother Teresa (1980) and to two non-Indians – Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan and Nelson Mandela (1990). It is also not mandatory that Bharat Ratna be awarded every year. The last time this award was given was in 2001, to Lata Dinanath Mangeshkar and Ustad Bismillah Khan.
The original specifications for the award called for a circular gold medal, 35 mm in diameter, with the sun and the Hindi legend "Bharat Ratna" above and a floral wreath below. The reverse was to carry the state emblem and motto. It was to be worn around the neck from a white ribbon. This design was altered after a year.
The provision of Bharat Ratna was introduced in 1954. The first ever Indian to receive this award was the famous scientist, Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman. Since then, many dignitaries, each a whiz in varied aspects of their career has received this coveted award.
In fact, our former President, Shri A. P. J Abdul Kalam is also a recipient of this esteemed honour (1997). There is no written provision that Bharat Ratna should be awarded to Indian citizens only. The award has been awarded to a naturalized Indian citizen, Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu, better known as Mother Teresa (1980) and to two non-Indians – Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan and Nelson Mandela (1990). It is also not mandatory that Bharat Ratna be awarded every year. The last time this award was given was in 2001, to Lata Dinanath Mangeshkar and Ustad Bismillah Khan.
Interesting Facts about India (Part-2)
Ayurveda is the earliest school of medicine known to mankind. The Father of Medicine, Charaka, consolidated Ayurveda 2500 years ago.
India was one of the richest countries till the time of British rule in the early 17th Century. Christopher Columbus, attracted by India's wealth, had come looking for a sea route to India when he discovered America by mistake.
The Art of Navigation & Navigating was born in the river Sindh over 6000 years ago. The very word Navigation is derived from the Sanskrit word 'NAVGATIH'. The word navy is also derived from the Sanskrit word 'Nou'.
Bhaskaracharya rightly calculated the time taken by the earth to orbit the Sun hundreds of years before the astronomer Smart. According to his calculation, the time taken by the Earth to orbit the Sun was 365.258756484 days.
The value of "pi" was first calculated by the Indian Mathematician Budhayana, and he explained the concept of what is known as the Pythagorean Theorem. He discovered this in the 6th century, long before the European mathematicians.
Algebra, Trigonometry and Calculus also originated in India.Quadratic Equations were used by Sridharacharya in the 11th century. The largest numbers the Greeks and the Romans used were 106 whereas Hindus used numbers as big as 10*53 (i.e. 10 to the power of 53) with specific names as early as 5000 B.C.during the Vedic period.Even today, the largest used number is Terra: 10*12(10 to the power of 12).
Until 1896, India was the only source of diamonds in the world
(Source: Gemological Institute of America).
The Baily Bridge is the highest bridge in the world. It is located in the Ladakh valley between the Dras and Suru rivers in the Himalayan mountains. It was built by the Indian Army in August 1982.
Sushruta is regarded as the Father of Surgery. Over2600 years ago Sushrata & his team conducted complicated surgeries like cataract, artificial limbs, cesareans, fractures, urinary stones, plastic surgery and brain surgeries.
Usage of anaesthesia was well known in ancient Indian medicine. Detailed knowledge of anatomy, embryology, digestion, metabolism,physiology, etiology, genetics and immunity is also found in many ancient Indian texts.
India exports software to 90 countries.
The four religions born in India - Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism, are followed by 25% of the world's population.
Jainism and Buddhism were founded in India in 600 B.C. and 500 B.C. respectively.
Islam is India's and the world's second largest religion.
There are 300,000 active mosques in India, more than in any other country, including the Muslim world.
The oldest European church and synagogue in India are in the city of Cochin. They were built in 1503 and 1568 respectively.
Jews and Christians have lived continuously in India since 200 B.C. and 52 A.D. respectively
The largest religious building in the world is Angkor Wat, a Hindu Temple in Cambodia built at the end of the 11th century.
The Vishnu Temple in the city of Tirupathi built in the 10th century, is the world's largest religious pilgrimage destination. Larger than either Rome or Mecca, an average of 30,000 visitors donate $6 million (US) to the temple everyday.
Sikhism originated in the Holy city of Amritsar in Punjab. Famous for housing the Golden Temple, the city was founded in 1577.
Varanasi, also known as Benaras, was called "the Ancient City" when Lord Buddha visited it in 500 B.C., and is the oldest, continuously inhabited city in the world today.
India provides safety for more than 300,000 refugees originally from Sri Lanka, Tibet, Bhutan, Afghanistan and Bangladesh, who escaped to flee religious and political persecution.
His Holiness, the Dalai Lama, the exiled spiritual leader of Tibetan Buddhists, runs his government in exile from Dharmashala in northern India.
Martial Arts were first created in India, and later spread to Asia by Buddhist missionaries.
Yoga has its origins in India and has existed for over 5,000 years.
India was one of the richest countries till the time of British rule in the early 17th Century. Christopher Columbus, attracted by India's wealth, had come looking for a sea route to India when he discovered America by mistake.
The Art of Navigation & Navigating was born in the river Sindh over 6000 years ago. The very word Navigation is derived from the Sanskrit word 'NAVGATIH'. The word navy is also derived from the Sanskrit word 'Nou'.
Bhaskaracharya rightly calculated the time taken by the earth to orbit the Sun hundreds of years before the astronomer Smart. According to his calculation, the time taken by the Earth to orbit the Sun was 365.258756484 days.
The value of "pi" was first calculated by the Indian Mathematician Budhayana, and he explained the concept of what is known as the Pythagorean Theorem. He discovered this in the 6th century, long before the European mathematicians.
Algebra, Trigonometry and Calculus also originated in India.Quadratic Equations were used by Sridharacharya in the 11th century. The largest numbers the Greeks and the Romans used were 106 whereas Hindus used numbers as big as 10*53 (i.e. 10 to the power of 53) with specific names as early as 5000 B.C.during the Vedic period.Even today, the largest used number is Terra: 10*12(10 to the power of 12).
Until 1896, India was the only source of diamonds in the world
(Source: Gemological Institute of America).
The Baily Bridge is the highest bridge in the world. It is located in the Ladakh valley between the Dras and Suru rivers in the Himalayan mountains. It was built by the Indian Army in August 1982.
Sushruta is regarded as the Father of Surgery. Over2600 years ago Sushrata & his team conducted complicated surgeries like cataract, artificial limbs, cesareans, fractures, urinary stones, plastic surgery and brain surgeries.
Usage of anaesthesia was well known in ancient Indian medicine. Detailed knowledge of anatomy, embryology, digestion, metabolism,physiology, etiology, genetics and immunity is also found in many ancient Indian texts.
India exports software to 90 countries.
The four religions born in India - Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism, are followed by 25% of the world's population.
Jainism and Buddhism were founded in India in 600 B.C. and 500 B.C. respectively.
Islam is India's and the world's second largest religion.
There are 300,000 active mosques in India, more than in any other country, including the Muslim world.
The oldest European church and synagogue in India are in the city of Cochin. They were built in 1503 and 1568 respectively.
Jews and Christians have lived continuously in India since 200 B.C. and 52 A.D. respectively
The largest religious building in the world is Angkor Wat, a Hindu Temple in Cambodia built at the end of the 11th century.
The Vishnu Temple in the city of Tirupathi built in the 10th century, is the world's largest religious pilgrimage destination. Larger than either Rome or Mecca, an average of 30,000 visitors donate $6 million (US) to the temple everyday.
Sikhism originated in the Holy city of Amritsar in Punjab. Famous for housing the Golden Temple, the city was founded in 1577.
Varanasi, also known as Benaras, was called "the Ancient City" when Lord Buddha visited it in 500 B.C., and is the oldest, continuously inhabited city in the world today.
India provides safety for more than 300,000 refugees originally from Sri Lanka, Tibet, Bhutan, Afghanistan and Bangladesh, who escaped to flee religious and political persecution.
His Holiness, the Dalai Lama, the exiled spiritual leader of Tibetan Buddhists, runs his government in exile from Dharmashala in northern India.
Martial Arts were first created in India, and later spread to Asia by Buddhist missionaries.
Yoga has its origins in India and has existed for over 5,000 years.
Interesting Facts about India (Part-1)
India never invaded any country in her last 100000 years of history.
When many cultures were only nomadic forest dwellers over 5000 years ago, Indians established Harappan culture in Sindhu Valley (Indus Valley Civilization)
The name 'India' is derived from the River Indus, the valleys around which were the home of the early settlers. The Aryan worshippers referred to the river Indus as the Sindhu.
The Persian invaders converted it into Hindu. The name 'Hindustan' combines Sindhu and Hindu and thus refers to the land of the Hindus.
Chess was invented in India.
Algebra, Trigonometry and Calculus are studies, which originated in India.
The 'Place Value System' and the 'Decimal System' were developed in India in 100 B.C.
The World's First Granite Temple is the Brihadeswara Temple at Tanjavur, Tamil Nadu.
The shikhara of the temple is made from a single 80-tonne piece of granite. This magnificent temple was built in just five years, (between 1004 AD and 1009 AD) during the reign of Rajaraja Chola.
India is the largest democracy in the world, the 6th largest Country in the world, and one of the most ancient civilizations.
The game of Snakes & Ladders was created by the 13th century poet saint Gyandev. It was originally called 'Mokshapat'. The ladders in the game represented virtues and the snakes indicated vices. The game was played with cowrie shells and dices. In time, the game underwent several modifications, but its meaning remained the same, i.e. good deeds take people to heaven and evil to a cycle of re-births.
The world's highest cricket ground is in Chail, Himachal Pradesh. Built in 1893 after leveling a hilltop, this cricket pitch is 2444 meters above sea level.
India has the largest number of Post Offices in the world.
The largest employer in the world is the Indian Railways, employing over a million people.
The world's first university was established in Takshila in 700 BC. More than 10,500 students from all over the world studied more than 60 subjects. The University of Nalanda built in the 4th century was one of the greatest achievements of ancient India in the field of education.
When many cultures were only nomadic forest dwellers over 5000 years ago, Indians established Harappan culture in Sindhu Valley (Indus Valley Civilization)
The name 'India' is derived from the River Indus, the valleys around which were the home of the early settlers. The Aryan worshippers referred to the river Indus as the Sindhu.
The Persian invaders converted it into Hindu. The name 'Hindustan' combines Sindhu and Hindu and thus refers to the land of the Hindus.
Chess was invented in India.
Algebra, Trigonometry and Calculus are studies, which originated in India.
The 'Place Value System' and the 'Decimal System' were developed in India in 100 B.C.
The World's First Granite Temple is the Brihadeswara Temple at Tanjavur, Tamil Nadu.
The shikhara of the temple is made from a single 80-tonne piece of granite. This magnificent temple was built in just five years, (between 1004 AD and 1009 AD) during the reign of Rajaraja Chola.
India is the largest democracy in the world, the 6th largest Country in the world, and one of the most ancient civilizations.
The game of Snakes & Ladders was created by the 13th century poet saint Gyandev. It was originally called 'Mokshapat'. The ladders in the game represented virtues and the snakes indicated vices. The game was played with cowrie shells and dices. In time, the game underwent several modifications, but its meaning remained the same, i.e. good deeds take people to heaven and evil to a cycle of re-births.
The world's highest cricket ground is in Chail, Himachal Pradesh. Built in 1893 after leveling a hilltop, this cricket pitch is 2444 meters above sea level.
India has the largest number of Post Offices in the world.
The largest employer in the world is the Indian Railways, employing over a million people.
The world's first university was established in Takshila in 700 BC. More than 10,500 students from all over the world studied more than 60 subjects. The University of Nalanda built in the 4th century was one of the greatest achievements of ancient India in the field of education.
Chief Ministers (On 08.07.2009)
Andhra Pradesh: Dr. Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy
Arunachal Pradesh: Shri Dorjee Khandu
Assam: Shri Tarun Gogoi
Bihar: Shri Nitish Kumar
Chhattisgarh: Dr. Raman Singh
Delhi: Smt Sheila Dikshit
Goa: Shri Digambar Kamat
Gujarat: Shri Narendra Modi
Haryana: Shri Bhupinder Singh Hooda
Himachal Pradesh: Prof. Prem Kumar Dhumal
Jammu and Kashmir: Omar Abdullah
Karnataka: Shri B. S. Yeddyurappa
Kerala: Shri V. S. Achuthanandan
Madhya Pradesh: Shri Shivraj Singh Chouhan
Maharashtra: Shri Ashok Chavan
Manipur: Shri Okram Ibobi Singh
Meghalaya: Dr. Dethwelson Lapang
Mizoram: Shri Lalthanhawla
Nagaland: Shri Neiphiu Rio
Orissa: Shri Naveen Patnaik
Puducherry: Thiru. V. Vaithilingam
Punjab: Shri Parkash Singh Badal
Rajasthan: Shri Ashok Gehlot
Sikkim: Shri Pawan Chamling
Tamil Nadu: Kalaignar M. Karunanidhi
Tripura: Shri Manik Sarkar
Uttar Pradesh: Kumari Mayawati
Uttarakhand: Shri Ramesh Pokhriyal
West Bengal: Shri Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee
Arunachal Pradesh: Shri Dorjee Khandu
Assam: Shri Tarun Gogoi
Bihar: Shri Nitish Kumar
Chhattisgarh: Dr. Raman Singh
Delhi: Smt Sheila Dikshit
Goa: Shri Digambar Kamat
Gujarat: Shri Narendra Modi
Haryana: Shri Bhupinder Singh Hooda
Himachal Pradesh: Prof. Prem Kumar Dhumal
Jammu and Kashmir: Omar Abdullah
Karnataka: Shri B. S. Yeddyurappa
Kerala: Shri V. S. Achuthanandan
Madhya Pradesh: Shri Shivraj Singh Chouhan
Maharashtra: Shri Ashok Chavan
Manipur: Shri Okram Ibobi Singh
Meghalaya: Dr. Dethwelson Lapang
Mizoram: Shri Lalthanhawla
Nagaland: Shri Neiphiu Rio
Orissa: Shri Naveen Patnaik
Puducherry: Thiru. V. Vaithilingam
Punjab: Shri Parkash Singh Badal
Rajasthan: Shri Ashok Gehlot
Sikkim: Shri Pawan Chamling
Tamil Nadu: Kalaignar M. Karunanidhi
Tripura: Shri Manik Sarkar
Uttar Pradesh: Kumari Mayawati
Uttarakhand: Shri Ramesh Pokhriyal
West Bengal: Shri Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee
World Heritage Properties in India
There are 27 World Heritage Properties in India out of which 22 are Cultural Properties and 5 are Natural Properties.
Cultural Sites :
Ajanta Caves
Ellora Caves
Agra - Fort
Agra - Taj Mahal
Konark - Sun Temple
Mahabalipuram
Churches of Old Goa
Khajuraho
Hampi
Fatehpur Sikri
Pattadakal
Elephanta Caves
Great Living Chola Temples
Sanchi
Humayun's Tomb
Qutb Minar
Mahabodhi Temple
Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka
Champaner
Mountain Railway of India
Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus
Red Fort, Delhi
Natural Sites :
Kaziranga National Park
Manas Wildlife Sanctuary
Keoladeo National Park
Sunderbans National Park
Nanda Devi & Valley of Flowers
Cultural Sites :
Ajanta Caves
Ellora Caves
Agra - Fort
Agra - Taj Mahal
Konark - Sun Temple
Mahabalipuram
Churches of Old Goa
Khajuraho
Hampi
Fatehpur Sikri
Pattadakal
Elephanta Caves
Great Living Chola Temples
Sanchi
Humayun's Tomb
Qutb Minar
Mahabodhi Temple
Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka
Champaner
Mountain Railway of India
Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus
Red Fort, Delhi
Natural Sites :
Kaziranga National Park
Manas Wildlife Sanctuary
Keoladeo National Park
Sunderbans National Park
Nanda Devi & Valley of Flowers
Evolution of the Indian Tricolour
The first national flag in India is said to have been hoisted on August 7, 1906, in the Parsee Bagan Square (Green Park) in Calcutta now Kolkata. The flag was composed of three horizontal strips of red, yellow and green.
The second flag was hoisted in Paris by Madame Cama and her band of exiled revolutionaries in 1907 (according to some inl9OS). This was very similar to the first flag except that the top strip had only one lotus but seven stars denoting the Saptarishi. This flag was also exhibited at a socialist conference in Berlin.
The third flag went up in 1917 when our political struggle had taken a definite turn. Dr. Annie Besant and Lokmanya Tilak hoisted it during the Home rule movement. This flag had five red and four green horizontal strips arranged alternately, with seven stars in the saptarishi configuration super-imposed on them. In the left-hand top corner (the pole end) was the Union Jack. There was also a white crescent and star in one corner.
During the session of the All India Congress Committee which met at Bezwada in 1921 (now Vijayawada) an Andhra youth prepared a flag and took it to Gandhiji. It was made up of two colours-red and green-representing the two major communities i.e. Hindus and Muslims. Gandhiji suggested the addition of a white strip to represent the remaining communities of India and the spinning wheel to symbolise progress of the Nation.
The year 1931 was a landmark in the history of the flag. A resolution was passed adopting a tricolor flag as our national flag. This flag, the forbear of the present one, was saffron, white and green with Mahatma Gandhi's spinning wheel at the center. It was, however, clearly stated that it bore no communal significance and was to be interpreted thus.
On July 22, 1947, the Constituent Assembly adopted it as Free India National Flag. After the advent of Independence, the colours and their significance remained the same. Only the Dharma Charkha of Emperor Asoka was adopted in place of the spinning wheel as the emblem on the flag. Thus, the tricolour flag of the Congress Party eventually became the tricolour flag of Independent India.
The second flag was hoisted in Paris by Madame Cama and her band of exiled revolutionaries in 1907 (according to some inl9OS). This was very similar to the first flag except that the top strip had only one lotus but seven stars denoting the Saptarishi. This flag was also exhibited at a socialist conference in Berlin.
The third flag went up in 1917 when our political struggle had taken a definite turn. Dr. Annie Besant and Lokmanya Tilak hoisted it during the Home rule movement. This flag had five red and four green horizontal strips arranged alternately, with seven stars in the saptarishi configuration super-imposed on them. In the left-hand top corner (the pole end) was the Union Jack. There was also a white crescent and star in one corner.
During the session of the All India Congress Committee which met at Bezwada in 1921 (now Vijayawada) an Andhra youth prepared a flag and took it to Gandhiji. It was made up of two colours-red and green-representing the two major communities i.e. Hindus and Muslims. Gandhiji suggested the addition of a white strip to represent the remaining communities of India and the spinning wheel to symbolise progress of the Nation.
The year 1931 was a landmark in the history of the flag. A resolution was passed adopting a tricolor flag as our national flag. This flag, the forbear of the present one, was saffron, white and green with Mahatma Gandhi's spinning wheel at the center. It was, however, clearly stated that it bore no communal significance and was to be interpreted thus.
On July 22, 1947, the Constituent Assembly adopted it as Free India National Flag. After the advent of Independence, the colours and their significance remained the same. Only the Dharma Charkha of Emperor Asoka was adopted in place of the spinning wheel as the emblem on the flag. Thus, the tricolour flag of the Congress Party eventually became the tricolour flag of Independent India.
High Courts of India
1.Allahabad High Court
2.Andhra Pradesh High court
3.Bombay High Court
4.Calcutta High Court
5.Chhattisgarh High Court
6.Delhi High Court
7.Gauhati High Court
8.Gujarat High Court
9.High Court of Bombay at Goa
10.Himachal Pradesh High Court
11.Jammu and Kashmir High Court
12.Jharkhand High Court
13.Karnataka High Court
14.Kerala High Court
15.Madhya Pradesh High Court
16.Madras High Court
17.Orissa High Court
18.Patna High Court
19.Punjab and Haryana High Court
20.Rajasthan High Court
21.Sikkim High Court
2.Andhra Pradesh High court
3.Bombay High Court
4.Calcutta High Court
5.Chhattisgarh High Court
6.Delhi High Court
7.Gauhati High Court
8.Gujarat High Court
9.High Court of Bombay at Goa
10.Himachal Pradesh High Court
11.Jammu and Kashmir High Court
12.Jharkhand High Court
13.Karnataka High Court
14.Kerala High Court
15.Madhya Pradesh High Court
16.Madras High Court
17.Orissa High Court
18.Patna High Court
19.Punjab and Haryana High Court
20.Rajasthan High Court
21.Sikkim High Court
Districts of Uttar Pradesh
Agra
Aligarh
Allahabad
Ambedkar Nagar
Auraiya
Azamgarh
Bagpat
Bahraich
Ballia
Balrampur
Banda
Barabanki
Bareilly
Basti
Bijnor
Budaun
Bulandshahar
Chandauli
Chitrakoot
Deoria
Etah
Etawah
Faizabad
Farrukhabad
Fatehpur
Firozabad
Gautam Buddha Nagar
Ghaziabad
Ghazipur
Gonda
Gorakhpur
Hamirpur
Hardoi
Hathras
Jalaun
Jaunpur
Jhansi
Jyotiba Phule Nagar
Kannauj
Kanpur Dehat
Kanpur Nagar
Kaushambi
Kheri
Kushinagar
Lalitpur
Lucknow
Maharajganj
Mahoba
Mainpuri
Mathura
Mau
Meerut
Mirzapur
Moradabad
Muzaffarnagar
Pilibhit
Pratapgarh
RaeBareli
Rampur
Saharanpur
Sant Kabir Nagar
Sant Ravidas Nagar
Shahjahanpur
Shravasti
Siddharthnagar
Sitapur
Sonbhadra
Sultanpur
Unnao
Aligarh
Allahabad
Ambedkar Nagar
Auraiya
Azamgarh
Bagpat
Bahraich
Ballia
Balrampur
Banda
Barabanki
Bareilly
Basti
Bijnor
Budaun
Bulandshahar
Chandauli
Chitrakoot
Deoria
Etah
Etawah
Faizabad
Farrukhabad
Fatehpur
Firozabad
Gautam Buddha Nagar
Ghaziabad
Ghazipur
Gonda
Gorakhpur
Hamirpur
Hardoi
Hathras
Jalaun
Jaunpur
Jhansi
Jyotiba Phule Nagar
Kannauj
Kanpur Dehat
Kanpur Nagar
Kaushambi
Kheri
Kushinagar
Lalitpur
Lucknow
Maharajganj
Mahoba
Mainpuri
Mathura
Mau
Meerut
Mirzapur
Moradabad
Muzaffarnagar
Pilibhit
Pratapgarh
RaeBareli
Rampur
Saharanpur
Sant Kabir Nagar
Sant Ravidas Nagar
Shahjahanpur
Shravasti
Siddharthnagar
Sitapur
Sonbhadra
Sultanpur
Unnao
Union Territories of India
1.Andaman and Nicobar Islands
2.Chandigarh
3.Delhi
4.Dadra and Nagar Haveli
5.Daman and Diu
6.Lakshadweep
7.Puducherry
2.Chandigarh
3.Delhi
4.Dadra and Nagar Haveli
5.Daman and Diu
6.Lakshadweep
7.Puducherry
States of India
1.Andhra Pradesh
2.Arunachal Pradesh
3.Assam
4.Bihar
5.Chhattisgarh
6.Goa
7.Gujarat
8.Haryana
9.Himachal Pradesh
10.Jammu and Kashmir
11.Jharkhand
12.Karnataka
13.Kerala
14.Madhya Pradesh
15.Maharashtra
16.Manipur
17.Meghalaya
18.Mizoram
19.Nagaland
20.Orissa
21.Punjab
22.Rajasthan
23.Sikkim
24.Tamil Nadu
25.Tripura
26.Uttarakhand
27.Uttar Pradesh
28.West Bengal
2.Arunachal Pradesh
3.Assam
4.Bihar
5.Chhattisgarh
6.Goa
7.Gujarat
8.Haryana
9.Himachal Pradesh
10.Jammu and Kashmir
11.Jharkhand
12.Karnataka
13.Kerala
14.Madhya Pradesh
15.Maharashtra
16.Manipur
17.Meghalaya
18.Mizoram
19.Nagaland
20.Orissa
21.Punjab
22.Rajasthan
23.Sikkim
24.Tamil Nadu
25.Tripura
26.Uttarakhand
27.Uttar Pradesh
28.West Bengal
